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William McKinley: Could Roswell Park Have Saved Him?

   
 

DeathTrauma
assassination
McKinley was shot at close range on Sept. 6, 1901. He underwent surgery within hours. He survived the operation, but died on the ninth post-operative day. Both his post-operative course [3a] and his autopsy [3b] have been meticulously documented [10] [11].

There was intense controversy about McKinley's medical care Some thought that McKinley could have been saved had renowned surgeon Roswell Park performed the operation More recent commentators believe, however, that McKinley died from pancreatic necrosis, a condition which is still difficult to treat today, and which the surgeons of McKinley's time could not have treated or prevented [6].


More...

Roswell Park was in the middle of an operation in Niagra Falls when McKinley was shot. He was called to Buffalo immediately, and a special train was sent, but he was delayed in returning.

The operation on McKinley's abdomen was performed by a gynecologist, without the benefit of any lighting in the operating room. The anesthetic (ether?) prevented the lighting of the gas lamps, and by 5pm it was getting dark in the O.R. The President's personal physician arrived at this time and rigged a system to reflect the setting sun into the room.

In addition, there were no retractors available -- in fact, there were few instruments available at all in the O.R. No one noticed Park's complete surgical set in the anteroom.

There are those who think Park could have saved McKinley had he operated. It is pertinent to note that Park later treated (successfully) a woman who, distraught over McKinley's assassination, inflicted the same type of wound on herself with the same caliber gun. [4a]


     Resources[Top]
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  1. Bensley EW, Bates DG. Sir William Osler's autobiographical notes. Bull Hist Med. 1976; 50: 596-618.

  2. Boller, Paul F. Jr. Presidential Anecdotes. New York: Oxford University Press, 1981. ISBN 0-19-502915-1 @ Amazon   [a] p. 189

  3. Braisted, William C.; Bell, William Hemphill; Rixey, Presley Marion. The Life Story of Presley Marion Rixey: Surgeon General, U. S. Navy 1902-1910: Biography and Autobiography. Strasburg, VA: Shenandoah Publishing House, Inc., 1930.   [a] pp. 51-70 [b] pp. 71-82
        Rixey was the White House physician for both William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt.

  4. Brooks, Stewart M. Our Murdered Presidents: The Medical Story. New York: Frederick Fell, 1966.   [a] pp. 148, 152, 170
        LCC call number R703 B873 1966.

  5. Butt, Archibald W. Taft and Roosevelt: The Intimate Letters of Archie Butt, Military Aide. Garden City, NY: Doubleday (1930). Volume 1: pages 1-432. Volume 2: pages 433-862.   [a] pp. 733-734
        Butt, an Army officer, was military aide first to President Theodore Roosevelt and then to President William Taft. On April 14, 1912, Butt was at sea aboard the Titanic returning from a European vacation that Taft had insisted he take. President Taft later said: "When I heard that part of the ship's company had gone down, I gave up hope for the rescue of Major Butt, unless by accident. I knew that he would certainly remain on the ship's deck until every duty had been performed and every sacrifice made that properly fell on one charged, as he would feel himself charged, with responsibility for the rescue of others." Taft was correct. Butt did not survive the sinking.

  6. Fisher, Jack. Stolen Glory: The McKinley Assassination. Alamar Books, 2001.

  7. Halstead, Murat. The Illustrious Life of William McKinley, Our Martyred President. 1901.   [a] pp. 114-121

  8. Page, Susan. Time-tested formulas suggest both Bush and Kerry will win on Nov. 2. USA Today. June 23, 2004.
        Accessed through usatoday.com: http://www.usatoday.com/news/politicselections/nation/president/2004-06-23-bush-kerry-cover_x.htm

  9. Pendel, Thomas F. Thirty-Six Years in the White House. Washington: Neale Publishing Company, 1902.   [a] pp. 156-157
        Pendel was door-keeper at the White House from the time of Lincoln to the time of Theodore Roosevelt. Full text is available on-line at loc.gov. It's a rather dry book, and reads as if it were written by an old man. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?lhbcbbib:1:./temp/~ammem_rEou::

  10. Rixey, PM; Mann, MD; Mynter, H; Park, R; Wasdin, E; McBurney, C; Stockton, CG. Death of President McKinley. J.A.M.A. 1901;37:779.

  11. Rixey, PM; Mann, MD; Mynter, H; Park, R; Wasdin, E; McBurney, C; Stockton, CG. The official report on the case of President McKinley. J.A.M.A. 1901;37:1029.

  12. Seldes, George. Witness to a Century. New York: Ballantine, 1987. ISBN 0-345-33181-8 @ Amazon

  13. The William McKinley web page at the White House.

  14.  (5 matches when checked in November 2003)
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