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George Washington: A Short Health Bibliography

   
 
 Odds 
&
 Ends 		 White McKenzie Wallenborn, M.D., a retired professor of otoloaryngology at the University of Virginia, compiled a short list of pre-Medline references to Washington's medical history [18]

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 These pre-1966 references to Washington's health were compiled by White McKenzie Wallenborn, M.D. of the University of Virginia.
  • Barker, Creighton. "A Case Report," The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 9 (1936), 185-87.

  • Blanton, Wyndham B. "Washington's Medical Knowledge and Its Sources," Annals of Medical History, 4 (1932), 52-61.

  • Brickell, John. "Observations on the Medical Treatment of General Washington in His Illness," Transactions of the College of Physicians, 25 (1903), 90-93.

  • Courtney, John F. "George Washington's Final Illness," Resident and Staff Physician, 15 (1969), 84-.

  • Knox, J. H. Mason, Jr. "The Medical History of George Washington, His Physicians, Friends and Advisers," Bullentin of the Institute of the History of Medicine, 1 (1933), 174-91.

  • Lewis, Fielding O. "Washington's Last Illness," Annals of Medical History, 4 (1932), 245-48.

  • Nydegger, James A. "The Last Illness of George Washington," Medical Record, 92 (1917), 1128.

  • Wells, Walter A. "Last Illness and Death of Washington," Virginia Medical Monthly, 53 (1926-27), 629-42.

  • Willius, F. A., and Keys, T. E. "The Medical History of George Washington (1732-1799)," Proceedings of the Staff Meetings of the Mayo Clinic, 17 (1942), 92-96, 107-112, 116-121.
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  1. Blinderman A. George Washington's health. NY State Med J. 1975;75:122-132. Pubmed.

  2. Boller, Paul F. Jr. Presidential Anecdotes. New York: Oxford University Press, 1981. ISBN 0-19-502915-1 @ Amazon   [a] p. 22 [b] pp. 22-23 [c] pp. 13-14 [d] p. 6

  3. Bumgarner, John R. The Health of the Presidents: The 41 United States Presidents Through 1993 from a Physician's Point of View. Jefferson, NC: MacFarland & Company, 1994. ISBN 0-89950-956-8 @ Amazon   [a] pp. 1-8 [b] pp. 1, 4, 6 (year might have been 1786) [c] p. 4 [d] pp. 1-6 [e] p. 1 [f] p. 3 [g] p. 2 [h] pp. 3, 4 [i] pp. 4-5 [j] pp. 5-6 [k] p. 6
        Devotes one chapter to each President, through Clinton. Written for the layperson, well-referenced, with areas of speculation clearly identified, Dr. Zebra depends heavily on this book. Dr. Bumgarner survived the Bataan Death March and has written an unforgettable book casting a physician's eye on that experience.

  4. Cooper, Pauline. The Medical Detectives. New York: David McKay, 1973. ISBN 0-679-50382-X @ Amazon   [a] p. 96

  5. Donald, David Herbert. Lincoln. New York: Touchstone / Simon & Schuster, 1996. ISBN 0-684-82535-X @ Amazon   [a] pp. 38-39

  6. Dugan, James. Bedlam in the boudoir. Colliers. 22 Feb. 1947; pages 17, 69-70.
        Credibility is dubious. Just before a list of Presidents, the article states: "Twenty of the 32 Presidents ... are proved or believed on a thick web of circumstance to have been nocturnal nuisances in the White House."

  7. Flexner, James Thomas. Washington: The Indispensible Man. Boston: Little, Brown, 1974. ISBN 0-316-28616-8 @ Amazon   [a] p. 8 [b] p. 132 [c] p. 24 [d] p. 42 [e] p. 43 [f] p. 165 [g] p. 198 [h] pp. 165-175 [i] p. 174
        Distillation of Flexner's four-volume biography of Washington published from 1965 to 1972.

  8. Gabriel, Richard A.; Metz, Karen S. A History of Military Medicine, Volume 2. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1992. ISBN 0-313-28403-2 @ Amazon   [a] p. 108

  9. Grusin, Sarah. The root of the matter. Washington Post Magazine. Feb. 27, 1994;9.
        Part of the "J Street" column.

  10. Hayes H, Talbert G. The facial lesion of George Washington. Plast Reconstructive Surg. 1987;80:133-136. Pubmed.

  11. Henriques, Peter R. The Death of George Washington: He Died as He Lived. Mt. Vernon, VA: The Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 2000. ISBN 0-931917-035-2 @ Amazon   [a] p. vi (introduction by Philander D. Chase) [b] pp. 70-75

  12. MacMahon, Edward B. and Curry, Leonard. Medical Cover-Ups in the White House. Washington, DC: Farragut, 1987. ISBN 0-918535-01-8 @ Amazon   [a] pp. 15-16

  13. Marion, Robert. Was George Washington Really the Father of our Country?. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1994. ISBN 0-201-62255-6 @ Amazon   [a] p. 67 [b] p. 72 [c] pp. 41-74

  14. Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh (ed). Burke's Presidential Families of the United States of American. 2nd ed. London: Burke's Peerage Limited, 1981. ISBN 0-85011-033-5 @ Amazon   [a] p. 16 [b] pp. 16, 24
        Enumerates the ancestors and descendants of American presidents up through Ronald Reagan.

  15. Morens DM. Death of a President. New Engl J Med. 1999:341;1845-1849. Pubmed.   [a] Tobias Lear recorded these measurements in his journal. He does not say the corpse was frozen.

  16. Smith, MJV. The father who was not a father. Virginia Medical Monthly. 1976;103:14-16, 21-22, 33.

  17. Smith, RN. The Surprising George Washington. Prologue: Quarterly of the National Archives and Records Administration. 1994 (Spring);26 (1).
        Available on the web at: http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/spring_1994_george_washington_1.html

  18. Wallenborn, White McKenzie. George Washington's terminal illness: a modern medical analysis of the last illness and death of George Washington. [on line]. 31 March 1999.
        From the papers of George Washington at the University of Virginia. Accessed 17 December 2002.  http://www.virginia.edu/gwpapers/articles/wallenborn/index.html

  19. Web page: http://www.virginia.edu/gwpapers/faq/gwteeth.html
    (From the papers of George Washington at the University of Virginia)
        Picture of a set of Washington's dentures, complete with springs.

  20. The George Washington web page at the White House.

  21.  (59 matches when checked in November 2003)
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